feat: Add perpendicular distance calculation utility function

Implemented a utility function `calculate_perpendicular_distance` in the `app/utils/__init__.py` module. The function calculates the perpendicular distance between a point and a line using NumPy, with type hints and runtime type checking using jaxtyping and typeguard.

app/utils/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from typing import Any
+
+import numpy as np
+from jaxtyping import Float, Num, jaxtyped
+from typeguard import typechecked
+
+from app._typing import NDArray
+
+
+@jaxtyped(typechecker=typechecked)
+def calculate_perpendicular_distance(
+    point: Num[NDArray, "2"],
+    line: Num[NDArray, "2 2"],
+) -> np.floating[Any]:
+    """
+    Calculate the perpendicular distance between a point and a line.
+    """
+    line_start, line_end = line
+    distance = np.linalg.norm(
+        np.cross(line_end - line_start, line_start - point)
+    ) / np.linalg.norm(line_end - line_start)
+
+    return distance