Sanitize CSV exports against formula injection

src/app/api/send/route.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,17 @@ interface Cache {
   iat: number;
 }
 
+// Reject strings whose first character is a spreadsheet formula trigger to
+// prevent CSV formula injection in analytics exports (defense-in-depth).
+const FORMULA_TRIGGER_RE = /^[=+\-@\t\r]/;
+const safeStringParam = (maxLen: number) =>
+  z
+    .string()
+    .max(maxLen)
+    .refine(val => !FORMULA_TRIGGER_RE.test(val), {
+      message: 'Value must not start with =, +, -, @, tab, or carriage return',
+    });
+
 const schema = z.object({
   type: z.enum(['event', 'identify', 'performance']),
   payload: z
@@ -35,8 +46,8 @@ const schema = z.object({
       screen: z.string().max(11).optional(),
       title: z.string().optional(),
       url: urlOrPathParam.optional(),
-      name: z.string().max(50).optional(),
-      tag: z.string().max(50).optional(),
+      name: safeStringParam(50).optional(),
+      tag: safeStringParam(50).optional(),
       ip: z.string().optional(),
       userAgent: z.string().optional(),
       timestamp: z.coerce.number().int().optional(),

src/app/api/websites/[websiteId]/export/route.ts

@@ -40,8 +40,28 @@ export async function GET(
 
   const zip = new JSZip();
 
+  // Prefix cells whose first character is a formula trigger with a single quote
+  // to prevent CSV formula injection when opened in spreadsheet applications.
+  const FORMULA_TRIGGERS = new Set(['=', '+', '-', '@', '\t', '\r']);
+
+  const sanitizeCsvValue = (value: unknown): unknown => {
+    if (typeof value === 'string' && value.length > 0 && FORMULA_TRIGGERS.has(value[0])) {
+      return `'${value}`;
+    }
+    return value;
+  };
+
+  const sanitizeRow = (row: Record<string, unknown>): Record<string, unknown> => {
+    const sanitized: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(row)) {
+      sanitized[key] = sanitizeCsvValue(value);
+    }
+    return sanitized;
+  };
+
   const parse = (data: any) => {
-    return Papa.unparse(data, {
+    const sanitized = Array.isArray(data) ? data.map(sanitizeRow) : data;
+    return Papa.unparse(sanitized, {
       header: true,
       skipEmptyLines: true,
     });